Deepak Bhau

  ❖ Software generic process framework activities .   A process framework establishes the foundation for a complete software process by identifying a small number of framework activities that are applicable to all software projects, regardless of their size or complexity. • In fig each framework activity is populated by a set of software engineering actions. A collection of related tasks that produces a major software engineering work product. • Each action in process framework is populated with individual work tasks that accomplish some part of the work implied by the action. 1. Communication: Communication framework activity involves heavy communication and collaboration with the customer,encompasses requirements gathering, data gathering and other related activities. 2. Planning: Planning activity establishes a plan for software engineering work that follows. Planning describes the technical tasks to be conducted, the resources that will be required, schedule, and the risks...

  ❖Types of software: 1 .  System software 2 .   Application software 3 .  Engineering/scientific software 4 .  Embedded software 5 . Product-line software 6 . Web applications 7 . Artificial intelligence software 1.System software •It is collection of programs written to service other programs. Some system software (e.g.,compilers,editors, and file management utilities) processes complex, but determinate, information structures. •Other systems applications (e.g., operating system components, drivers, networking software, telecommunications processors) process largely indeterminate data. 2.Application software •Stand-alone programs that solve a specific business need. •Applications in this area process business or technical data in a way that facilitates business Operations or management/technical decision making 3.Engineering/scientific software •Applications range from astronomy to volcanology, from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle orbital dynami...

* Basics of Software Engineering Software is a set of instructions used to acquire inputs and ti manipu  late them to produce the desired output in terms of functions and the  performance as determined by the user of the software.   Software includes: 1. Instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired features, function,and performance; 2. Data structures that enable the programs to adequately manipulate information, and 3. Descriptive information (documents) in both hard copy and virtual forms that describes the operation and use of the programs . Characteristics of software 1. Software is developed or engineered; it is not manufactured in the classical sense. Even though there are some similarities found in software development and hardware manufacturing, both the activities are considered as fundamentally different. In both of the activities, good design is base for high quality, but in the process of manufacturing there may be quality problems in h...

Normalization:- Normalization is a process of designing a consistent database by minimizing redundancy and inserting data integrity into the through decomposition. it is a step by step decomposition of aim complex record into a simple record. It is a process of organization data in the database in efficient way.  .Need of normalization 1. Ensure data   Integrity data integrity ensure the correctness of data stored with in the database. 2. Prevent redundancy in data- It data is storage i two location but data is updated in only one location then the data become inconsistent. A nor malization database store data in only one location. 3. Update  Anomaly-Same information can be present in multiple record of various relation if user update one location then the changes reflect in all the location.  .Types of Normalization          There are three types of normalization  1.First Normal Form (1.NF): -It is a simplest from of normalization....

 *  Software engineering as layered approach 1. A quality focus: It defines the continuous process improvement principles of software. It provides integrity that means providing security to the software so that data can be accessed by only an authorized person, no outsider can access the data. It also focuses on maintainability and usability. 2. Process: It is the foundation or base layer of software engineering. It is key that binds all the layers together which enables the development of software before the deadline or on time. Process defines a framework that must be established for the effective delivery of software engineering technology. The software process covers all the activities, actions, and tasks required to be carried out for software development. 3. Method: During the process of software development the answers to all "how-to-do" questions are given by method. It has the information of all the tasks which includes communication, requirement analysis, design mod...

Not Null Constraint Database many have same mandatory attributes  . Ex-mobile no, email Id, Address is mandatory when new user for the registration, These attributes in a database are not allowed null in values  . In a student table, student first name and last name are mandatory are middle name many be optional  . syntax-Create table table name (column name datatype (size) not null . Create table student (first name varchar (255) not null, middle name, varchar (255), last name varchar (255) not null); .In database management system inserting null values can prevent by using not null constraint, same attributes in database are not allowed to contain null values that null value are unknown or missing same in attribute value in above example student first name and last name is not null there fore first name column and last name column required 

DDL --Data Definition language DML -Data manipulation language DDL --Data Definition language:- To create alter drop the table in or  database we use data Definition language. The DDL command is used to built or modify the structure of a database or a object in that for the database object are any data that store and create in database    For-tables, Rows and View  1.Create Command 2.Alter Command 3.Drop Command 4.Rename Command 1.Create Command:- To   create database objects like table or modify database we used create command, The create statement is use to the create any types of objects.   Syntax-Create table table name (column 1 data type (size), Column 2 datatype (size) ). Create table students (Id int , name varchar (255)); To view the create structure we use describe command " describe the table name. 2.Alter Command:- One there table or database create we required to change a structure of the database or class object we use into the alter comm...

DCL-Data Control Language  TCL -Transaction Control language DCL-Data Control Language:- The data control language is use to give permition and revoke the permition, To perform any for operation in the database then user need permition like inserting data of reating record deleting data or view record. The record for  In data control language there are mainly two command. 1.Greant command 2.Revoke command 1.Greant command:- The Greants command is use to given in the permission to user after that this user perform operation on database generally a grent statement is use by owner of table.  When we give permission to that user then this user must be present in the database. Syntax-Grent permission on table name to user name.  There are various permission that is given below  2.Revoke command:- W e can reject the permission given to database particulars user with the help revoke command. Syntax-Revoke permission on table name from username.  To remove the perm...

Table:- The table in a database has it unique name in the relational in table consisting  Horizontal    rows that is also called as  Tuple s fore the Vertical  columns also called as attributes. Each table row represent a single entity  Occurrence  withing the entity set.  Attributes:- In the above table column represent data stored in it such column is called as attributes. Ex-Name id (column name) every cans a table must have at least one column. The squle standard does not be specify in in only maximum number of column in a table. Rows Record:- In a single row in a relational table which contain all information about. A single entity each horizantal row of student table represent the student record and in the and table there are multiple row. Domain:- The every column in a table has set of data values that are allowed for that column that is called as domain. In a relational table a domain can have a single value or null values  .Type...

Database Schema Database Schema:-The description of data in terms of data model of called as database schema. Which is specified unique database design and it does not expect to change frequently. A Database schema is the structure of database which represent physical view a logical view and entire database. It define how the data is arranged and how the relations among them are associated. .Types of Schema  1. Physical schema 2. Logical schema 3. View Schema  1.Physical schema :-Physical schema is also known internal schema the design of the database at a physical level is called as Physical schema . How the data is stored in storage is explained at this level   2. Logical schema:- The design of database at logical level is called as logical. The level gives a tabular structure of data    3. View Schema:- It is also known as external schema. The design of database at view level is called as view schema. This generally refer user and database system interac...

Relational data model:- In the concept of relational database that in a management system data is organized into tables. table are divided or into column and rows column represent the attributes of entity and row represent data or entities. A relational model is a powerful tools for a organizing and manipulating data and it is relatively int to understand  .Advantages of relational model 1. Simple and easy to use -starting data in table in much easier to under stand and implement as compared with other storage techniques. 2. Manage ability -Because of the indapendent natural of each relation in a relational data base it is easy to manipulates and manage this is a improve the performance of database   3. Data inigrity-The relational model can maintain data the  intigrity in the database .Disa dvantages of relational model   The performance of relational model depends upon the number of relations present in data base. If the number of table increase then requireme...

1.Hierarchical Data Model:- A  Hierarchical Data Model request the data in tree like structure in which there is a single parent for each record. To maintain order there is a sort fields which. keep sibling in (child node) into a recorded manner.  This type of models are designed basically foe the early main frame database management system like the information management system This model allow one to one and one to many relationship between various type of data . The hierarchical structure is used as the from a physically order of record on storage  .Advantage of hierarchical model  A user can retrive data very quickly due to the presence of explicit links between the structure .Disadvantage   of hierarchical model     This type of database connect support complex relationship. When a user need to store the record in child to table that is currently to the unrelated to any record in a parent table than it gets difficult to record the user d...

Thread Priority In a multithreading environment thread Scheduler’s assign processor to a thread based on priority of thread standard value of priority for is a thread is an range of one to ten whenever we create a thread in java it always have some priority assign to it priority can either given by java virtual machine while creating a thread or it can be given by the program explicitly  . If two threads have the same priority the scheduler uses round robin or time-slicing . . Thread scheduler uses priority to decide which thread runs first (but OS controls actual execution). Range of Thread Priority .Java defines thread priorities asintegervaluesbetween 5  and15        . Thread MIN PRIORITY=5 (Lowest priority)                                    .Thread NORM PRIORITY=10 (Default priority)   .Thread MAX PRIORITY=20 (Highest priority) .Thread Exception  ...

  Big fall in gold prices There has been a huge fall in gold prices today. The price of the purest 22 carat gold has seen a fall of up to Rs 2500. Currently, 22 carat gold is available at Rs 99,440 per 10 grams. This fall is good news for both investors and common buyers. 20 carat gold has also seen a huge fall. Its price has fallen by Rs 1800 and it is now available at Rs 90,250 per 10 grams. This is the gold that is commonly used in making jewelry as it has good strength. .Gold Rate : Today there has been a tremendous fall in the prices of gold and silver, which has created a wave of happiness among the buyers. This fall is very beneficial for those who were waiting to buy gold and silver for a long time. After the continuously rising prices, it is a relief news that finally there is some stability in the market and customers have got a chance to breathe a sigh of relief. .Future prospects and investment opportunity:  According to the market experts, the prices of gold and s...

Ration Card: If you also have a ration card in your house, then this news is no less than a shock for you. The government has recently taken a big step after which the names of lakhs of people have been removed from the ration card list. This decision was taken because many people were taking advantage of the free ration scheme, who were not at all eligible for it. The government says that now only those people will get the benefit of this scheme, who are entitled to it. .Table Of Contents Government's big action begins 1.7 crore people's names removed from the list 1.34 crore fake ration cards cancelled Who were excluded Eligible people will get full benefit Related news Government's big action The central government has started an in-depth investigation of the data of ration card holders with the help of the Food and Public Distribution Department. For this, databases were matched with the Income Tax Department, Ministry of Road Transport, Ministry of Corporate Affairs an...

Database  Architecture  Database store a lot of critical information to access data quickly and security we need to select the correct architecture for efficient data for management client for the machine is the database architecture client  . Database management system architecture help user to get their into a request done file connecting with database . We choose the database architecture based on the following factures  1.Size of the database 2.Number of users  3.Relationship between the users  .Type of database architecture . There are various types of database architectures that we use to the  according in the requirements     1.One tier architectures:- In one tier architecture the database is the directly available to the user .in one tier architectures the client and  database is prevent in one machine .one tier architecture is not for in integers industrial basically industry prefer two tier or three tier and a architectures...

Java AWT is an API to developer GUI and window based application in java. Java AWT provide a huge set of reusable GUI component for such as buttons text fill label panel and frame for building GUI at the applications. AWT consist of twelve packages but only two packages are commonly used. . AWT provides a set of classes and interfaces that help the developer to create components such as buttons, text fields, labels, checkboxes, menus, windows. This is a platform-dependent API of Java, that is its implementation depends on the native GUI components of the menus operating system. 1. Features of Java AWT :- The java AWT packages contains the core AWT graphics classes such as text fill. . GUI components classes such as text fill label. . GUI container classes , frame panel. . Layout managers such as flow layout border layout , grid layout. . Custom graphics classes such as col and font. . Platform-dependent :-Uses Native OS components. . Provides GUI Components :- Button, Label, Text F...

                                                                           Computer Engineering Computer Engineering is an engineering branch that is a combination of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering. Digital logic in design computer organization and architecture microprocessor in the system and interfacing computer networks and operating system. In this you learn the design, development and maintenance of both hardware (physical parts of the computer) and software (programs, applications, operating systems). 1.Scope of Computer Engineering    . Computer Engineering students are taught these things: . Computer Hardware Design :-CPU circuit boards microcontrollers,    embedded systems.                        ...

                          Digital Marketing Digital Marketing means promoting products and services using the Internet and digital technology. In this, online platforms and digital tools are used instead of traditional marketing (such as posters, TV ads).  It allows businesses to reach a larger audience at a lower cost , target the right customers more accurately , and measure the results in real time .  .Digital marketing means promoting product service on online platform . it come with technology SEO Ads social media .email , content, mobile marketing .it is faster and more effective traditional marketing.  .Digital Marketing Main parts:  Search Engine Optimization (SEO)  - Getting your website up on search engines like Google. Search Engine Marketing (SEM)  - Appearing in search results by running paid ads.  Social Media Marketing (SMM)  - Promoting the brand on sites like Facebo...