What is Software process framework And, Umbrella activities

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  ❖ Software generic process framework activities .   A process framework establishes the foundation for a complete software process by identifying a small number of framework activities that are applicable to all software projects, regardless of their size or complexity. • In fig each framework activity is populated by a set of software engineering actions. A collection of related tasks that produces a major software engineering work product. • Each action in process framework is populated with individual work tasks that accomplish some part of the work implied by the action. 1. Communication: Communication framework activity involves heavy communication and collaboration with the customer,encompasses requirements gathering, data gathering and other related activities. 2. Planning: Planning activity establishes a plan for software engineering work that follows. Planning describes the technical tasks to be conducted, the resources that will be required, schedule, and the risks...
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Types of software Engineering, What is Umbrella activities

 ❖Types of software:

1. System software

2. Application software

3. Engineering/scientific software

4. Embedded software

5. Product-line software

6. Web applications

7. Artificial intelligence software

1.System software

•It is collection of programs written to service other programs. Some system software (e.g.,compilers,editors, and file management utilities) processes complex, but determinate, information structures.

•Other systems applications (e.g., operating system components, drivers, networking software, telecommunications processors) process largely indeterminate data.

2.Application software

•Stand-alone programs that solve a specific business need.

•Applications in this area process business or technical data in a way that facilitates business

Operations or management/technical decision making

3.Engineering/scientific software

•Applications range from astronomy to volcanology, from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle orbital dynamics, and from molecular biology to automated manufacturing

•E.g.: CAD software.

4.Embedded software

•Resides within a product or system and is used to implement and control features and functions for the end user and for the system itself.

•Embedded software can perform limited functions (e.g., key pad control for a microwave oven) or provide significant function and control capability (e.g., digital functions in an automobile such as fuel control, dashboard displays, and braking systems).

•E.g. Control buttons of washing machine.

5.Product-line software

•Designed to provide a specific capability for use by many different customers.

•Product-line software can focus on a limited marketplace (e.g., inventory control products)or address mass consumer markets (e.g., word processing, spreadsheets, computer graphics, multimedia,entertainment, database management, and personal and business financial applications).

6.Web applications

•Called “WebApps,” this network-centric software category spans a wide array of applications.

•In their simplest form, Web-Apps can be little more than a set of linked hypertext files that Present information using text and limited graphics.

7.Artificial intelligence software

•Makes use of non-numerical algorithms to solve complex problems that are not amenable to computation or straightforward analysis.

•Applications within this area include robotics, expert systems, pattern recognition (image and voice), artificial neural networks, theorem proving, and game playing.


❖Umbrella activities:

1)Software project tracking and control

•In this activity, the developing team accesses project plan and compares it with the predefined schedule.

•If these project plans do not match with the predefined schedule, then the required actions are taken to maintain the schedule.

2)Risk management

•Risk is an event that may or may not occur.

•If the event occurs, then it causes some unwanted outcome. Hence, proper risk management is required.

3)Software Quality Assurance (SQA)

•SQA is the planned and systematic pattern of activities which are required to give a guarantee of software quality. For example, during the software development meetings are conducted at every stage of development to find out the defects and suggest improvements to produce good quality software.

4)Formal Technical Reviews (FTR)

•FTR is a meeting conducted by the technical staff.

•The motive of the meeting is to detect quality problems and suggest improvements.

•The technical person focuses on the quality of the software from the customer point of view.

5)Measurement

•Measurement consists of the effort required to measure the software.

•The software cannot be measured directly. It is measured by direct and indirect measures.

•Direct measures like cost, lines of code, size of software etc.

•Indirect measures such as quality of software which is measured by some other factor. Hence, it is an indirect measure of software.

6)Software Configuration Management (SCM)

•It manages the effect of change throughout the software process.

7)Reusability management

•It defines the criteria for reuse the product.

•The quality of software is good when the components of the software are developed for certain application and are useful for developing other applications.

8)Work product preparation and production

•It consists of the activities that are needed to create the documents, forms, lists, logs and user manuals for developing a software.

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