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What is Software process framework And, Umbrella activities

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  ❖ Software generic process framework activities .   A process framework establishes the foundation for a complete software process by identifying a small number of framework activities that are applicable to all software projects, regardless of their size or complexity. • In fig each framework activity is populated by a set of software engineering actions. A collection of related tasks that produces a major software engineering work product. • Each action in process framework is populated with individual work tasks that accomplish some part of the work implied by the action. 1. Communication: Communication framework activity involves heavy communication and collaboration with the customer,encompasses requirements gathering, data gathering and other related activities. 2. Planning: Planning activity establishes a plan for software engineering work that follows. Planning describes the technical tasks to be conducted, the resources that will be required, schedule, and the risks...
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Types of software Engineering, What is Umbrella activities

  ❖Types of software: 1 .  System software 2 .   Application software 3 .  Engineering/scientific software 4 .  Embedded software 5 . Product-line software 6 . Web applications 7 . Artificial intelligence software 1.System software •It is collection of programs written to service other programs. Some system software (e.g.,compilers,editors, and file management utilities) processes complex, but determinate, information structures. •Other systems applications (e.g., operating system components, drivers, networking software, telecommunications processors) process largely indeterminate data. 2.Application software •Stand-alone programs that solve a specific business need. •Applications in this area process business or technical data in a way that facilitates business Operations or management/technical decision making 3.Engineering/scientific software •Applications range from astronomy to volcanology, from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle orbital dynami...
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What is Software Engineering , Basics of Software Engineering

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* Basics of Software Engineering Software is a set of instructions used to acquire inputs and ti manipu  late them to produce the desired output in terms of functions and the  performance as determined by the user of the software.   Software includes: 1. Instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired features, function,and performance; 2. Data structures that enable the programs to adequately manipulate information, and 3. Descriptive information (documents) in both hard copy and virtual forms that describes the operation and use of the programs . Characteristics of software 1. Software is developed or engineered; it is not manufactured in the classical sense. Even though there are some similarities found in software development and hardware manufacturing, both the activities are considered as fundamentally different. In both of the activities, good design is base for high quality, but in the process of manufacturing there may be quality problems in h...
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What is Normalization, Need of normalization, Types of Normalization, 1.First Normal Form (1.NF), 2.Second Normal Form (2.NF)

Normalization:- Normalization is a process of designing a consistent database by minimizing redundancy and inserting data integrity into the through decomposition. it is a step by step decomposition of aim complex record into a simple record. It is a process of organization data in the database in efficient way.  .Need of normalization 1. Ensure data   Integrity data integrity ensure the correctness of data stored with in the database. 2. Prevent redundancy in data- It data is storage i two location but data is updated in only one location then the data become inconsistent. A nor malization database store data in only one location. 3. Update  Anomaly-Same information can be present in multiple record of various relation if user update one location then the changes reflect in all the location.  .Types of Normalization          There are three types of normalization  1.First Normal Form (1.NF): -It is a simplest from of normalization....
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Software engineering as layered approach

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 *  Software engineering as layered approach 1. A quality focus: It defines the continuous process improvement principles of software. It provides integrity that means providing security to the software so that data can be accessed by only an authorized person, no outsider can access the data. It also focuses on maintainability and usability. 2. Process: It is the foundation or base layer of software engineering. It is key that binds all the layers together which enables the development of software before the deadline or on time. Process defines a framework that must be established for the effective delivery of software engineering technology. The software process covers all the activities, actions, and tasks required to be carried out for software development. 3. Method: During the process of software development the answers to all "how-to-do" questions are given by method. It has the information of all the tasks which includes communication, requirement analysis, design mod...
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What is Not Null Constraint

Not Null Constraint Database many have same mandatory attributes  . Ex-mobile no, email Id, Address is mandatory when new user for the registration, These attributes in a database are not allowed null in values  . In a student table, student first name and last name are mandatory are middle name many be optional  . syntax-Create table table name (column name datatype (size) not null . Create table student (first name varchar (255) not null, middle name, varchar (255), last name varchar (255) not null); .In database management system inserting null values can prevent by using not null constraint, same attributes in database are not allowed to contain null values that null value are unknown or missing same in attribute value in above example student first name and last name is not null there fore first name column and last name column required 
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What is DDL --Data Definition language and DML -Data manipulation language

DDL --Data Definition language DML -Data manipulation language DDL --Data Definition language:- To create alter drop the table in or  database we use data Definition language. The DDL command is used to built or modify the structure of a database or a object in that for the database object are any data that store and create in database    For-tables, Rows and View  1.Create Command 2.Alter Command 3.Drop Command 4.Rename Command 1.Create Command:- To   create database objects like table or modify database we used create command, The create statement is use to the create any types of objects.   Syntax-Create table table name (column 1 data type (size), Column 2 datatype (size) ). Create table students (Id int , name varchar (255)); To view the create structure we use describe command " describe the table name. 2.Alter Command:- One there table or database create we required to change a structure of the database or class object we use into the alter comm...
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